SCREENING FOR MASKED HYPERTENSION TO CONTROL CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Abstract
Masked Hypertension (MH) is a type of hypertension in which office blood pressure measurement is normal but out of office BP measurement is high. There are two types of out of office measurement devices- Ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM) and Home blood pressure measurement (HBPM). Due to these devices, hypertension can be divided into three types- Sustained hypertension in which both office reading and out of office readings are raised, White coat hypertension when only office reading is raised, and Masked hypertension as described above.
The prevalence of masked hypertension is very high all over the world including India and the main determinants are smoking, male sex, old age, diabetes, obesity, pre-hypertension, stress and strain, and renal diseases.
Masked hypertension is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and target organ damage (TOD). Early diagnosis and treatment of masked hypertension can save a lot of money as well as many human lives and sufferings.
Almost all cases of masked hypertension remain undiagnosed and untreated because they are asymptomatic and do not seek medical help. Moreover, they are declared normal after a clinical examination of their blood pressure. Therefore, screening is the only way by which MH can be diagnosed and treated early to control cardiovascular diseases.
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