AUTOIMMUNE ENIGMA: A DETAILED CASE REPORT ON TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS, DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, CELIAC DISEASE AND HASHIMOTO'S THYROIDITIS

Abstract

Autoimmune diseases often involve multiple organs or tissues and can coexist with other autoimmune disorders due to shared genetic susceptibility. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is frequently associated with other autoimmune conditions such as Celiac Disease (CD) and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (HT). This case report focuses on an 11-year-old child diagnosed with multiple autoimmune disorders, including Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA), Celiac Disease (CD), and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (HT). The study sheds light on the complexities of diagnosing and treating interconnected autoimmune diseases in paediatric patients. Shared genetic susceptibility is evident among these conditions, underscoring the need for regular screening for associated disorders in T1DM patients. The management involved a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach, incorporating insulin therapy, intravenous fluids, and a gluten-free diet. The report emphasises the importance of early detection and collaborative healthcare strategies to optimise patient outcomes in such challenging cases. The findings can contribute to improved patient care by enhancing understanding of the complex interaction between autoimmune disease and more effective treatment strategies.